bash(1) Mac OS X Manual Page

bash(1) Mac OS X Manual Page:

DEFINITIONS
       The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this document.
       blank  A space or tab.
       word   A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.  Also known as a token.
       name   A word consisting only of alphanumeric characters  and  underscores,  and  beginning  with  an
              alphabetic character or an underscore.  Also referred to as an identifier.
       metacharacter
              A character that, when unquoted, separates words.  One of the following:
              |  & ; ( ) < > space tab

  control operator

              A token that performs a control function.  It is one of the following symbols:
              || & && ; ;; ( ) | 

RESERVED WORDS
       Reserved  words  are  words that have a special meaning to the shell.  The following words are recog-
       nized as reserved when unquoted and either the first word of a  simple  command  (see  SHELL  GRAMMAR
       below) or the third word of a case or for command:

       ! case  do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]

SHELL GRAMMAR
   Simple Commands
       A simple command is a sequence of optional variable assignments followed by blank-separated words and
       redirections, and terminated by a control operator.  The first word specifies the command to be  exe-
       cuted,  and  is  passed as argument zero.  The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked
       command.

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bash(1) Mac OS X Manual Page

bash(1) Mac OS X Manual Page:

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How to Clear DNS Cache in Mac OSX Leopard

How to Clear DNS Cache in Mac OSX Leopard: "Mac OSX 10.5 And Above
However a Mac OSX 10.5 Leopard user will tell you this command will no longer work. In Mac OSX Leopard a new command has been used to replace flushcache. To clear DNS cache in Leopard, use the following command:

dscacheutil -flushcache"

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Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine

Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine: "Restarting mDNSResponder fixed the issue, although I expect it’s a temporary fix:

sudo launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
sudo launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
And now I can use Safari, get e-mail, and use Software Update!

I found those commands, and their explanation, in How is DNS used by individual processes?.

Judging from what I’ve read, dscacheutil and mDNSResponder are using different systems, but they try to synchronize between each other; that might be why dscacheutil had entries that Safari couldn’t resolve. Beyond that, I don’t know"

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Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine

Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine: "A Fix
Just clearing the DNS cache didn’t help me. Neither the command that should work (sudo dscacheutil -flushcache) or the command that had to be used in earlier versions of 10.6 (sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder) had any effect. And the DNS cache appears to have entries:

bash-3.2$ dscacheutil -q host -a name www.google.com
name: www.l.google.com
alias: www.google.com
ip_address: 66.102.7.99
ip_address: 66.102.7.104"

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Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine

Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine: "Mail just beeps at me and takes my accounts offline.

Firefox, iChat, and the command-line1 work fine. I’m editing this blog post right now in Firefox; I can use curl to view the HTML of any page, I can use elinks to view pages, and I can ssh to remote servers. Pinging and traceroute all seem to get through fine.

Network Diagnostics tells me “Your Internet connection appears to be working correctly.”"

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Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine

Mimsy: Apple software stops connecting to the Internet; Firefox continues fine: "I don’t know what changed, but in the last few days every once in a while I’ll appear to lose my Internet connection on Mac OS X. However, when I look into it I’ll discover that while Apple software—Safari, iTunes, Software Update, and Mail—think my computer is not connected to the net, non-Apple software such as Firefox connect just fine.

I’m currently using Snow Leopard, Mac OS X 10.6.6."

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A Crash Course in Using the Mac Terminal

A Crash Course in Using the Mac Terminal: "Useful Terminal Commands
Every software release from Apple brings out some new terminal commands. I don’t know how they find these commands, but they always make their way into the Apple community. They’re usually just boolean commands, meaning you have a string of text with a YES or NO at the end. Either way enables or disables the feature."

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